Politics 11:15 07/11/2024 World

Trump's election victory likely upends all criminal cases against him

Donald Trump's presidential victory is also a win as he seeks to resolve his four criminal indictments.

His win may largely free Trump from dealing with his criminal cases for the foreseeable future, experts told Business Insider.

"Setting politics aside, there is a lot at stake legally for Trump" in the November 5 election, former federal prosecutor Neama Rahmani predicted early in the day Tuesday.

Here's what will happen with Trump's four criminal cases — two federal and two state — moving forward.

The New York hush-money case

Trump, the first US president convicted of a crime, has a November 26 Manhattan sentencing date on his calendar.

He faces a sentencing range of as little as no jail and as much as four years in prison for his May conviction on 34 felony counts of falsifying business records to cover up his $130,000 hush-money payment to the adult film actor Stormy Daniels.

There is a chance the sentencing date will be delayed. Trump has promised to fight his indictment and conviction in New York's appellate courts. He will likely argue that the evidence in the case includes acts that took place while serving in his official role as president — evidence that would be barred under July's landmark US Supreme Court presidential immunity decision.

Once he's sentenced, experts say further appeals could keep a jail sentence on hold for years — though a jail sentence is highly unlikely, a quartet of former New York judges previously told BI.

Winning the presidency could now push things back even further, as Trump could argue he's too busy running the country to tend to his personal legal issues.

Prior to the election results, Michael Dorf, a Cornell Law School professor, predicted that if Trump won, he would quickly file court papers to delay the sentencing until he is no longer president.

Rahmani, the president and cofounder of West Coast Trial Lawyers, said that he does not believe Trump would be sentenced to jail "regardless of the outcome of the election."

"Trump winning makes it logistically impossible and a certainty that he won't receive any time," Rahmani said.

Trump's federal cases

Two federal grand juries indicted Trump in cases brought by special counsel Jack Smith. Trump would be eligible for a presidential pardon in both cases, though a self-pardon has never been tried.

Once president, Trump could ask his attorney general to fire Smith. He could also ask the courts to halt the federal prosecutions as there is long-standing Justice Department policy that a sitting president cannot be prosecuted while in office or attempt to pardon himself, said Dorf.

Trump said on a conservative radio interview last month that if elected, he would fire Smith "within two seconds."

Justice Department regulations stipulate that a special counsel can only be fired for a good cause, but Trump could have his attorney general rescind that regulation, Dorf said.

Firing Smith "is basically his right as president, though I would expect Smith to resign before then, just as a matter of course," said Michel Paradis, an attorney who teaches national security and constitutional law at Columbia Law School.

"The key thing to watch would be what Jack Smith does between Election Day and January 20 to potentially protect those prosecutions from interference," Paradis said.

"There's not a lot he can do to make them ironclad since, at the end of the day, the president does control the Justice Department," Paradis added,

Paradis said that before Trump took the oath of office, Smith could try to stay both proceedings on the grounds that sitting presidents cannot be prosecuted while in office.

Trump has pleaded not guilty to both federal indictments.

Asked for a comment Tuesday afternoon, Steven Cheung, Trump's campaign spokesman, told BI: "The Lyin' Kamala Harris - Crooked Joe Biden Witch Hunts against President Trump have imploded just like their failed campaign, and should all be dismissed in light of the Supreme Court's historic decision on immunity and other vital jurisprudence."

A DOJ spokesperson did not immediately respond to a request for comment.

The federal election-interference case

Even if Trump had lost, Smith's prosecution of Trump on charges he tried to overturn the 2020 election wouldn't necessarily have barrelled ahead at full speed.

Citizen Trump could have continued to challenge the election-interference case on the grounds of presidential immunity, experts said.

In July, the US Supreme Court issued a landmark opinion that provides presidents with broad protection from being prosecuted for official acts while in office. The opinion also bars the use of official-act evidence in any prosecution of a former president, even on charges not relating to official acts.

In August, Smith won a revised indictment that narrowed the charges against Trump to cover acts he took as a private, office-seeking citizen.

The federal classified documents case

Another federal case against Trump, in which prosecutors alleged he failed to return classified government documents he took from the White House, was dismissed in July by the Trump-appointed US District Judge Aileen Cannon. She said Smith's appointment violated the Constitution.

The dismissal, which argues Congress should have approved Smith's appointment, is now being appealed by Smith in the 11th Circuit Court of Appeals. Smith's appeal revolves around what he calls "the long tradition of special-counsel appointments by Attorneys' General."



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